A criterion for the existence of zero modes for the Pauli operator with fastly decaying fields

We consider the Pauli operator in $\mathbb R^3$ for magnetic fields in $L^{3/2}$ that decay at infinity as $|x|^{-2-β}$ with $β> 0$. In this case we are able to prove that the existence of a zero mode for this operator is equivalent to a quantity $δ(\mathbf B)$, defined below, being equal to zero. Complementing a result from [Balinsky, Evans, Lewis (2001)], this implies that for the class of magnetic fields considered, Sobolev, Hardy and CLR inequalities hold whenever the magnetic field has no zero mode.

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