A characterization theorem for the $L^{2}$-discrepancy of integer points in dilated polygons

Let $C$ be a convex $d$-dimensional body. If $ρ$ is a large positive number, then the dilated body $ρC$ contains $ρ^{d}\left\vert C\right\vert +\mathcal{O}\left( ρ^{d-1}\right)$ integer points, where $\left\vert C\right\vert$ denotes the volume of $C$. The above error estimate $\mathcal{O}\left( ρ^{d-1}\right)$ can be improved in several cases. We are interested in the $L^{2}$-discrepancy $D_{C}(ρ)$ of a copy of $ρC$ thrown at random in $\mathbb{R}^{d}$. More precisely, we consider $D_{C}(ρ):=\left\{ \int_{\mathbb{T}^{d}}\int_{SO(d)}\left\vert \textrm{card}\left( \left( ρσ(C)+t\right) \cap\mathbb{Z}^d\right) - ρ^{d}\left\vert C\right\vert \right\vert ^{2}dσdt\right\} ^{1/2}\ ,$ where $\mathbb{T}^{d}=$ $\mathbb{R}^{d}/\mathbb{Z}^{d}$ is the $d$-dimensional flat torus and $SO\left( d\right)$ is the special orthogonal group of real orthogonal matrices of determinant $1$. An argument of D. Kendall shows that $D_{C}(ρ)\leq c\ ρ^{(d-1)/2}$. If $C$ also satisfies the reverse inequality $\ D_{C}(ρ)\geq c_{1} \ ρ^{(d-1)/2}$, we say that $C$ is $L^{2}$\emph{-regular}. L. Parnovski and A. Sobolev proved that, if $d>1$, a $d$-dimensional unit ball is $L^{2}$-regular if and only if $d\not \equiv 1\ (\operatorname{mod}4)$. In this paper we characterize the $L^{2}$-regular convex polygons. More precisely we prove that a convex polygon is not $L^{2}$-regular if and only if it can be inscribed in a circle and it is symmetric about the centre.

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