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Convolutional Entanglement Distillation

We develop a theory of entanglement distillation that exploits a convolutional coding structure. We provide a method for converting an arbitrary classical binary or quaternary convolutional code into a convolutional entanglement distillation protocol. The imported classical convolutional code does not have to be dual-containing or self-orthogonal. The yield and error-correcting properties of such a protocol depend respectively on the rate and error-correcting properties of the imported classical convolutional code. A convolutional entanglement distillation protocol has several other benefits. Two parties sharing noisy ebits can distill noiseless ebits ``online'' as they acquire more noisy ebits. Distillation yield is high and decoding complexity is simple for a convolutional entanglement distillation protocol. Our theory of convolutional entanglement distillation reduces the problem of finding a good convolutional entanglement distillation protocol to the well-established problem of finding a good classical convolutional code.