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Converse passivity theorems

Passivity is an imperative concept and a widely utilized tool in the analysis and control of interconnected systems. It naturally arises in the modelling of physical systems involving passive elements and dynamics. While many theorems on passivity are known in the theory of robust control, very few converse passivity results exist. This paper establishes various versions of converse passivity theorems for nonlinear feedback systems. In particular, open-loop passivity is shown to be necessary to ensure closed-loop passivity from an input-output perspective. Moreover, the stability of the feedback interconnection of a specific system with an arbitrary passive system is shown to imply passivity of the system itself.