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Zhaoxia Yin

Zhaoxia Yin contributes to research discovery and scholarly infrastructure.

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Published work

8 published item(s)

preprint2026arXiv

Skills-Coach: A Self-Evolving Skill Optimizer via Training-Free GRPO

We introduce Skills-Coach, a novel automated framework designed to significantly enhance the self-evolution of skills within Large Language Model (LLM)-based agents. Addressing the current fragmentation of the skill ecosystem, Skills-Coach explores the boundaries of skill capabilities, thereby facilitating the comprehensive competency coverage essential for intelligent applications. The framework comprises four core modules: a Diverse Task Generation Module that systematically creates a comprehensive test suite for various skills; a Lightweight Optimization Module dedicated to optimizing skill prompts and their corresponding code; a Comparative Execution Module facilitating the execution and evaluation of both original and optimized skills; and a Traceable Evaluation Module, which rigorously evaluates performance against specified criteria. Skills-Coach offers flexible execution options through its virtual and real modes. To validate its efficacy, we introduce Skill-X, a comprehensive benchmark dataset consisting of 48 diverse skills. Experimental results demonstrate that Skills-Coach achieves significant performance improvements in skill capability across a wide range of categories, highlighting its potential to advance the development of more robust and adaptable LLM-based agents.

preprint2023arXiv

Reversible Attack based on Local Visual Adversarial Perturbation

Adding perturbations to images can mislead classification models to produce incorrect results. Recently, researchers exploited adversarial perturbations to protect image privacy from retrieval by intelligent models. However, adding adversarial perturbations to images destroys the original data, making images useless in digital forensics and other fields. To prevent illegal or unauthorized access to sensitive image data such as human faces without impeding legitimate users, the use of reversible adversarial attack techniques is increasing. The original image can be recovered from its reversible adversarial examples. However, existing reversible adversarial attack methods are designed for traditional imperceptible adversarial perturbations and ignore the local visible adversarial perturbation. In this paper, we propose a new method for generating reversible adversarial examples based on local visible adversarial perturbation. The information needed for image recovery is embedded into the area beyond the adversarial patch by the reversible data hiding technique. To reduce image distortion, lossless compression and the B-R-G (bluered-green) embedding principle are adopted. Experiments on CIFAR-10 and ImageNet datasets show that the proposed method can restore the original images error-free while ensuring good attack performance.

preprint2023arXiv

Universal adversarial perturbation for remote sensing images

Recently, with the application of deep learning in the remote sensing image (RSI) field, the classification accuracy of the RSI has been dramatically improved compared with traditional technology. However, even the state-of-the-art object recognition convolutional neural networks are fooled by the universal adversarial perturbation (UAP). The research on UAP is mostly limited to ordinary images, and RSIs have not been studied. To explore the basic characteristics of UAPs of RSIs, this paper proposes a novel method combining an encoder-decoder network with an attention mechanism to generate the UAP of RSIs. Firstly, the former is used to generate the UAP, which can learn the distribution of perturbations better, and then the latter is used to find the sensitive regions concerned by the RSI classification model. Finally, the generated regions are used to fine-tune the perturbation making the model misclassified with fewer perturbations. The experimental results show that the UAP can make the classification model misclassify, and the attack success rate of our proposed method on the RSI data set is as high as 97.09%.

preprint2022arXiv

Attention-Guided Black-box Adversarial Attacks with Large-Scale Multiobjective Evolutionary Optimization

Fooling deep neural networks (DNNs) with the black-box optimization has become a popular adversarial attack fashion, as the structural prior knowledge of DNNs is always unknown. Nevertheless, recent black-box adversarial attacks may struggle to balance their attack ability and visual quality of the generated adversarial examples (AEs) in tackling high-resolution images. In this paper, we propose an attention-guided black-box adversarial attack based on the large-scale multiobjective evolutionary optimization, termed as LMOA. By considering the spatial semantic information of images, we firstly take advantage of the attention map to determine the perturbed pixels. Instead of attacking the entire image, reducing the perturbed pixels with the attention mechanism can help to avoid the notorious curse of dimensionality and thereby improves the performance of attacking. Secondly, a large-scale multiobjective evolutionary algorithm is employed to traverse the reduced pixels in the salient region. Benefiting from its characteristics, the generated AEs have the potential to fool target DNNs while being imperceptible by the human vision. Extensive experimental results have verified the effectiveness of the proposed LMOA on the ImageNet dataset. More importantly, it is more competitive to generate high-resolution AEs with better visual quality compared with the existing black-box adversarial attacks.

preprint2022arXiv

New Framework for Code-Mapping-based Reversible Data Hiding in JPEG Images

Code mapping (CM) is an efficient technique for reversible data hiding (RDH) in JPEG images, which embeds data by constructing a mapping relationship between the used and unused codes in the JPEG bitstream. This study presents a new framework for designing a CM-based RDH method. First, a new code mapping strategy is proposed to suppress file size expansion and improve applicability. Based on our proposed strategy, the mapped codes are redefined by creating a new Huffman table rather than selecting them from the unused codes in the original Huffman table. The critical issue of designing the CM-based RDH method, that is, constructing code mapping, is converted into a combinatorial optimization problem. This study proposes a novel CM-based RDH method that utilizes a genetic algorithm (GA). The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method achieves a high embedding capacity with no signal distortion while suppressing file size expansion.

preprint2022arXiv

On the Robustness of "Robust reversible data hiding scheme based on two-layer embedding strategy"

In the paper "Robust reversible data hiding scheme based on two-layer embedding strategy" published in INS recently, Kumar et al. proposed a robust reversible data hiding (RRDH) scheme based on two-layer embedding. Secret data was embedded into the most significant bit (MSB) planes to increase robustness, and a sorting strategy based on local complexity was adopted to reduce distortion. However, Kumar et al.'s reversible data hiding (RDH) scheme is not as robust against joint photographic experts group (JPEG) compression as stated and can not be called RRDH. This comment first gives a brief description of their RDH scheme, then analyses their scheme's robustness from the perspective of JPEG compression principles. JPEG compression will change pixel values, thereby destroying auxiliary information and pixel value ordering required to extract secret data correctly, making their scheme not robust. Next, the changes in both bit plane and pixel value ordering after JPEG compression are shown and analysed by different robustness-testing experiments. Finally, some suggestions are given to improve the robustness.

preprint2021arXiv

PICA: A Pixel Correlation-based Attentional Black-box Adversarial Attack

The studies on black-box adversarial attacks have become increasingly prevalent due to the intractable acquisition of the structural knowledge of deep neural networks (DNNs). However, the performance of emerging attacks is negatively impacted when fooling DNNs tailored for high-resolution images. One of the explanations is that these methods usually focus on attacking the entire image, regardless of its spatial semantic information, and thereby encounter the notorious curse of dimensionality. To this end, we propose a pixel correlation-based attentional black-box adversarial attack, termed as PICA. Firstly, we take only one of every two neighboring pixels in the salient region as the target by leveraging the attentional mechanism and pixel correlation of images, such that the dimension of the black-box attack reduces. After that, a general multiobjective evolutionary algorithm is employed to traverse the reduced pixels and generate perturbations that are imperceptible by the human vision. Extensive experimental results have verified the effectiveness of the proposed PICA on the ImageNet dataset. More importantly, PICA is computationally more efficient to generate high-resolution adversarial examples compared with the existing black-box attacks.

preprint2019arXiv

An Efficient Pre-processing Method to Eliminate Adversarial Effects

Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) are vulnerable to adversarial examples generated by imposing subtle perturbations to inputs that lead a model to predict incorrect outputs. Currently, a large number of researches on defending adversarial examples pay little attention to the real-world applications, either with high computational complexity or poor defensive effects. Motivated by this observation, we develop an efficient preprocessing method to defend adversarial images. Specifically, before an adversarial example is fed into the model, we perform two image transformations: WebP compression, which is utilized to remove the small adversarial noises. Flip operation, which flips the image once along one side of the image to destroy the specific structure of adversarial perturbations. Finally, a de-perturbed sample is obtained and can be correctly classified by DNNs. Experimental results on ImageNet show that our method outperforms the state-of-the-art defense methods. It can effectively defend adversarial attacks while ensure only very small accuracy drop on normal images.