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Yuan Lin

Yuan Lin contributes to research discovery and scholarly infrastructure.

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Published work

8 published item(s)

preprint2026arXiv

InteractWeb-Bench: Can Multimodal Agent Escape Blind Execution in Interactive Website Generation?

With the advancement of multimodal large language models (MLLMs) and coding agents, the website development has shifted from manual programming to agent-based project-level code synthesis. Existing benchmarks rely on idealized assumptions, especially for well-structured, information-rich inputs and static execution settings. In contrast, real-world development is constrained by a critical bottleneck: the semantic misalignment between ambiguous, low-quality instructions from non-expert users and model understanding, which results in a failure mode that we term blind execution. To address this gap, we introduce InteractWeb-Bench, the first multimodal interactive benchmark for website generation under non-expert low-code user conditions. InteractWeb-Bench introduces four types of user agents and persona-driven instruction perturbations to systematically simulate diverse user behaviors, including ambiguity, redundancy, and contradiction, grounded in requirement engineering defect taxonomies. We develop an interactive execution environment for agents, featuring a unified action space comprising Clarify, Implement, Verify, and Submit, enabling iterative intent refinement, code synthesis, and visual feedback-based validation. Extensive experiments and analysis reveal that frontier MLLM-based agents remain trapped in blind execution, exposing limitations in intent recognition and adaptive interaction.

preprint2026arXiv

Nanodiamond-Enabled Torsion Microscopy Uncovers Multidimensional Cell-Matrix Mechanical Interactions

Traditional cellular force-sensing techniques, such as traction force microscopy (TFM), are predominantly limited to measuring linear tractions, overlooking and technically unable to capture the nanoscale torsional forces that are critical in cell-matrix interactions. Here, we introduce a nanodiamond-enabled torsion microscopy (DTM) that integrates nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers as orientation markers with micropillar arrays to decouple and quantify nanoscale rotational and translational motions induced by cells. This approach achieves high precision (~1.47 degree rotational accuracy and ~3.13*10-15 Nm torque sensitivity), enabling reconstruction of cellular torsional force fields and twisting energy distributions previously underestimated. Our findings reveal the widespread presence of torsional forces in cell-matrix interactions, introducing "cellular mechanical modes" where different adhesion patterns dictate the balance between traction- and torque- mediated mechanical energy transferred to the substrate. Notably, in immune cells like macrophages that generally exert low linear tractions, torque overwhelmingly dominates traction, highlighting a unique mechanical output for specific cellular functions. By uncovering these differential modes, DTM provides a versatile tool to advance biomechanical investigations, with potential applications in disease diagnostics and therapeutics.

preprint2026arXiv

PatRe: A Full-Stage Office Action and Rebuttal Generation Benchmark for Patent Examination

Patent examination is a complex, multi-stage process requiring both technical expertise and legal reasoning, increasingly challenged by rising application volumes. Prior benchmarks predominantly view patent examination as discriminative classification or static extraction, failing to capture its inherently interactive and iterative nature, similar to the peer review and rebuttal process in academic publishing. In this paper, we introduce PatRe, the first benchmark that models the full patent examination lifecycle, including Office Action generation and applicant rebuttal. PatRe comprises 480 real-world cases and supports both oracle and retrieval-simulated evaluation settings. Our benchmark reframes patent examination as a dynamic, multi-turn process of justification and response. Extensive experiments across various LLMs reveal critical insights into model performance, including differences between proprietary and open-source models, as well as task asymmetries between examiner analysis and applicant-side rebuttal. These findings highlight both the potential and current limitations of LLMs in modeling complex, real-world legal reasoning and technical novelty judgment in patent examination. We release our code and dataset to facilitate future research on patent examination modeling.

preprint2022arXiv

Co-Optimization of On-Ramp Merging and Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicle Power Split Using Deep Reinforcement Learning

Current research on Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) for automated on-ramp merging neglects vehicle powertrain and dynamics. This work considers automated on-ramp merging for a power-split Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicle (PHEV), the 2015 Toyota Prius Plug-In, using DRL. The on-ramp merging control and the PHEV energy management are co-optimized such that the DRL policy directly outputs the power split between the engine and the electric motor. The testing results show that DRL can be successfully used for co-optimization, leading to collision-free on-ramp merging. When compared with sequential approaches wherein the upper-level on-ramp merging control and the lower-level PHEV energy management are performed independently and in sequence, we found that co-optimization results in economic but jerky on-ramp merging while sequential approaches may result in collisions due to neglecting powertrain power limit constraints in designing the upper-level on-ramp merging controller.

preprint2020arXiv

Anti-Jerk On-Ramp Merging Using Deep Reinforcement Learning

Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) is used here for decentralized decision-making and longitudinal control for high-speed on-ramp merging. The DRL environment state includes the states of five vehicles: the merging vehicle, along with two preceding and two following vehicles when the merging vehicle is or is projected on the main road. The control action is the acceleration of the merging vehicle. Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient (DDPG) is the DRL algorithm for training to output continuous control actions. We investigated the relationship between collision avoidance for safety and jerk minimization for passenger comfort in the multi-objective reward function by obtaining the Pareto front. We found that, with a small jerk penalty in the multi-objective reward function, the vehicle jerk could be reduced by 73% compared with no jerk penalty while the collision rate was maintained at zero. Regardless of the jerk penalty, the merging vehicle exhibited decision-making strategies such as merging ahead or behind a main-road vehicle.

preprint2020arXiv

Comparison of Deep Reinforcement Learning and Model Predictive Control for Adaptive Cruise Control

This study compares Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) and Model Predictive Control (MPC) for Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC) design in car-following scenarios. A first-order system is used as the Control-Oriented Model (COM) to approximate the acceleration command dynamics of a vehicle. Based on the equations of the control system and the multi-objective cost function, we train a DRL policy using Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient (DDPG) and solve the MPC problem via Interior-Point Optimization (IPO). Simulation results for the episode costs show that, when there are no modeling errors and the testing inputs are within the training data range, the DRL solution is equivalent to MPC with a sufficiently long prediction horizon. Particularly, the DRL episode cost is only 5.8% higher than the benchmark solution provided by optimizing the entire episode via IPO. The DRL control performance degrades when the testing inputs are outside the training data range, indicating inadequate generalization. When there are modeling errors due to control delays, disturbances, and/or testing with a High-Fidelity Model (HFM) of the vehicle, the DRL-trained policy performs better with large modeling errors while having similar performance as MPC when the modeling errors are small.

preprint2019arXiv

An Action Recognition network for specific target based on rMC and RPN

The traditional methods of action recognition are not specific for the operator, thus results are easy to be disturbed when other actions are operated in videos. The network based on mixed convolutional resnet and RPN is proposed in this paper. The rMC is tested in the data set of UCF-101 to compare with the method of R3D. The result shows that its correct rate reaches 71.07%. Meanwhile, the action recognition network is tested in our gesture and body posture data sets for specific target. The simulation achieves a good performance in which the running speed reaches 200 FPS. Finally, our model is improved by introducing the regression block and performs better, which shows the great potential of this model.

preprint2019arXiv

Non-Volatile Superconductivity in an Insulating Copper Oxide Induced via Ionic Liquid Gating

Manipulating the superconducting states of high-T_c cuprate superconductors in an efficient and reliable way is of great importance for their applications in next-generation electronics. Traditional methods are mostly based on a trial-and-error method that is difficult to implement and time consuming. Here, employing ionic liquid gating, a selective control of volatile and non-volatile superconductivity is achieved in pristine insulating Pr_2CuO_{4\pmδ} film, based on two distinct mechanisms: 1) with positive electric fields, the film can be reversibly switched between non-superconducting and superconducting states, attributed to the carrier doping effect. 2) The film becomes more resistive by applying negative bias voltage up to -4 V, but strikingly, a non-volatile superconductivity is achieved once the gate voltage is removed. Such a persistent superconducting state represents a novel phenomenon in copper oxides, resulting from the doping healing of oxygen vacancies in copper-oxygen planes as unraveled by high-resolution scanning transmission electron microscope and in-situ x-ray diffraction experiments. The effective manipulation and mastering of volatile/non-volatile superconductivity in the same parent cuprate opens the door to more functionalities for superconducting electronics, as well as supplies flexible samples for investigating the nature of quantum phase transitions in high-T_c superconductors.