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Yinhao Xiao

Yinhao Xiao contributes to research discovery and scholarly infrastructure.

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Published work

4 published item(s)

preprint2026arXiv

GeoContra: From Fluent GIS Code to Verifiable Spatial Analysis with Geography-Grounded Repair

Reliable spatial analysis in GIScience requires preserving coordinate semantics, topology, units, and geographic plausibility. Current LLM-based GIS systems generate fluent scripts but rarely enforce these geographic rules at scale. We present GeoContra, a verification and repair framework for LLM-driven Python GIS workflows. It represents each task as an executable geospatial contract-including natural-language questions, schemas, CRS metadata, expected outputs, spatial predicates, topology, metrics, required operations, and forbidden shortcuts. Generated programs undergo static rule inspection, runtime validation, and semantic verification, with violations fed back into a bounded repair loop. Evaluated on 7,079 real geospatial tasks across 15 Boston-area zones, 9 task families, and 11 open-source models (600 runs each), GeoContra improves spatial correctness on closed models from 47.6% to 77.5% for DeepSeek-V4 and from 57.7% to 81.5% for Kimi-K2.5. Across 11 open models, average correctness rises by 26.6%. GeoContra turns fluent code production into verifiable spatial analysis, catching negative travel times, CRS/field-schema violations, missing predicates, and brittle output casts that otherwise yield executable but geographically invalid results.

preprint2026arXiv

Low Rank Comes with Low Security: Gradient Assembly Poisoning Attacks against Distributed LoRA-based LLM Systems

Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) has become a popular solution for fine-tuning large language models (LLMs) in federated settings, dramatically reducing update costs by introducing trainable low-rank matrices. However, when integrated with frameworks like FedIT, LoRA introduces a critical vulnerability: clients submit $A$ and $B$ matrices separately, while only their product $AB$ determines the model update, yet this composite is never directly verified. We propose Gradient Assembly Poisoning (GAP), a novel attack that exploits this blind spot by crafting individually benign $A$ and $B$ matrices whose product yields malicious updates. GAP operates without access to training data or inter-client coordination and remains undetected by standard anomaly detectors. We identify four systemic vulnerabilities in LoRA-based federated systems and validate GAP across LLaMA, ChatGLM, and GPT-2. GAP consistently induces degraded or biased outputs while preserving surface fluency, reducing BLEU by up to 14.5\%, increasing factual and grammatical errors by over 800\%, and maintaining 92.6\% long-form response length. These results reveal a new class of stealthy, persistent threats in distributed LoRA fine-tuning.

preprint2022arXiv

Multi-View Pre-Trained Model for Code Vulnerability Identification

Vulnerability identification is crucial for cyber security in the software-related industry. Early identification methods require significant manual efforts in crafting features or annotating vulnerable code. Although the recent pre-trained models alleviate this issue, they overlook the multiple rich structural information contained in the code itself. In this paper, we propose a novel Multi-View Pre-Trained Model (MV-PTM) that encodes both sequential and multi-type structural information of the source code and uses contrastive learning to enhance code representations. The experiments conducted on two public datasets demonstrate the superiority of MV-PTM. In particular, MV-PTM improves GraphCodeBERT by 3.36\% on average in terms of F1 score.

preprint2022arXiv

Solving the Federated Edge Learning Participation Dilemma: A Truthful and Correlated Perspective

An emerging computational paradigm, named federated edge learning (FEL), enables intelligent computing at the network edge with the feature of preserving data privacy for edge devices. Given their constrained resources, it becomes a great challenge to achieve high execution performance for FEL. Most of the state-of-the-arts concentrate on enhancing FEL from the perspective of system operation procedures, taking few precautions during the composition step of the FEL system. Though a few recent studies recognize the importance of FEL formation and propose server-centric device selection schemes, the impact of data sizes is largely overlooked. In this paper, we take advantage of game theory to depict the decision dilemma among edge devices regarding whether to participate in FEL or not given their heterogeneous sizes of local datasets. For realizing both the individual and global optimization, the server is employed to solve the participation dilemma, which requires accurate information collection for devices' local datasets. Hence, we utilize mechanism design to enable truthful information solicitation. With the help of correlated equilibrium, we derive a decision making strategy for devices from the global perspective, which can achieve the long-term stability and efficacy of FEL. For scalability consideration, we optimize the computational complexity of the basic solution to the polynomial level. Lastly, extensive experiments based on both real and synthetic data are conducted to evaluate our proposed mechanisms, with experimental results demonstrating the performance advantages.