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Researcher profile

Usman Naseem

Usman Naseem contributes to research discovery and scholarly infrastructure.

ResearcherAffiliation not importedOpen to collaborate
Artificial IntelligenceComputation and LanguageComputer Visioncs.CYDatabasesInformation Retrieval

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Published work

11 published item(s)

preprint2026arXiv

CBT-Audio: Evaluating Audio Language Models for Patient-Side Distress Intensity Estimation in CBT Session Recordings

Cognitive behavioural therapy is widely used to help patients understand and manage psychological distress. It is often delivered through spoken conversation, where therapists attend not only to what patients say, but also to how they say it, because these cues can help therapists decide how to respond and adapt treatment. Progress in building AI systems for CBT remains largely limited to text, partly because most available datasets are text based and shareable spoken CBT data are scarce under ethical and privacy constraints. This creates a blind spot because text based models and evaluations cannot capture the mismatch between the transcript and the patient's voice, even though therapists often rely on this mismatch to understand patient distress. We introduce CBT-Audio, a dataset for evaluating patient distress estimation from spoken CBT sessions with audio language models. CBT-Audio contains 1,802 patient turns from 96 publicly available CBT recordings, with turn-level distress labels validated on an experts-annotated subset. We evaluate 10 open source audio language models under three input conditions, where models receive only patient audio, only the transcript, or both audio and transcript. Our results show that audio can provide useful information beyond text, especially when combined with transcripts. Adding audio to transcript input improves distress estimation over using the transcript alone in 8 of 10 model families, with significant gains in 4, and case studies show the clearest benefit when verbal content and vocal delivery diverge. CBT-Audio makes spoken patient behaviour measurable for AI evaluation in CBT-related tasks and supports future work on audio language models for mental health interaction.

0 citations0 reviewsNo code linkedOpen access
preprint2026arXiv

Cultural Palette: Pluralising Culture Alignment via Multi-agent Palette

Large language models (LLMs) face challenges in aligning with diverse cultural values despite their remarkable performance in generation, which stems from inherent monocultural biases and difficulties in capturing nuanced cultural semantics. Existing methods struggle to adapt to unknown culture after fine-tuning. Inspired by cultural geography across five continents, we propose Cultural Palette, a multi-agent framework that redefines cultural alignment as an adaptive "color-blending" process for country-specific adaptation. Our approach harnesses cultural geography across five continents through three key steps: First, we synthesize the Pentachromatic Cultural Palette Dataset using GPT-4o, refining continental-level dialogues with Hofstede's cultural dimensions to establish foundational cultural representations. Second, five continent-level alignment agents form specialized cultural communities that generate region-specific draft responses. Third, a Meta Agent employs Cultural MoErges to dynamically blend these cultural "colors" through attention-gated parameter merging, akin to mixing pigments on a palette, resolving conflicts while preserving cultural nuances to produce the final culturally-aligned response. Extensive experiments across various countries demonstrate that \textit{Cultural Palette} surpasses existing baselines in cultural alignment.

0 citations0 reviewsNo code linkedOpen access
preprint2026arXiv

Measuring What Matters Beyond Text: Evaluating Multimodal Summaries by Quality, Alignment, and Diversity

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have facilitated Multimodal Summarization with Multimodal Output (MSMO), wherein systems generate concise textual summaries accompanied by salient visuals from multimodal sources. However, current MSMO evaluation remains fragmented: text quality, image-text alignment, and visual diversity are typically assessed in isolation using unimodal metrics, making it difficult to capture whether the modalities jointly support a faithful and useful summary. To address this gap, we introduce MM-Eval, a unified evaluation framework that integrates assessments of textual quality, cross-modal alignment, and visual diversity. MM-Eval comprises three components: (1) text quality, measured using OpenFActScore for factual consistency and G-Eval for coherence, fluency, and relevance; (2) image-text relevance, evaluated via an MLLM-as-a-judge approach; and (3) image-set diversity, quantified using Truncated CLIP Entropy. We calibrate MM-Eval through a learned aggregation model trained on the mLLM-EVAL news benchmark, aligning component contributions with human preferences. Our analysis reveals a text-dominant hierarchy in this setting, where factual consistency acts as a critical determinant of perceived overall quality, while visual relevance and diversity provide complementary signals. MM-Eval improves over heuristic aggregation baselines and provides an interpretable, reference-weak framework for comparative evaluation of multimodal summaries.

0 citations0 reviewsNo code linkedOpen access
preprint2026arXiv

RadGenome-Anatomy: A Large-Scale Anatomy-Labeled Chest Radiograph Dataset via Physically Grounded Volumetric Projection

Anatomical structure labels for chest radiographs are essential for medical image segmentation and a broad range of downstream diagnostic tasks. However, annotating anatomy directly on 2D chest radiographs is labor-intensive and intrinsically ambiguous, as 3D anatomical structures are projected onto a single 2D plane where boundaries may overlap, be occluded, or appear only partially visible. Consequently, existing anatomy-labeled chest radiograph datasets remain limited in scale, anatomy coverage, and label reliability. To address these limitations, we introduce RadGenome-Anatomy, the largest anatomy-labeled chest radiograph dataset, containing over 10 million segmentation masks across 210 anatomical structures in 25,692 studies. It is constructed by projecting large-scale 3D anatomical masks from CT volumes into 2D radiographic space through canonical radiographic geometry. This shifts annotation from directly tracing uncertain 2D boundaries to defining anatomy in volumetric space, where structures that overlap or become partially invisible in radiographs remain spatially separable. As a result, each 2D mask represents the physically grounded projected footprint of a volumetrically defined structure. The scale and broad anatomical coverage of RadGenome-Anatomy, including structures that are overlapping, partially visible, or difficult to delineate directly, enable research on geometric measurements as explicit evidence for chest radiograph interpretation. We demonstrate this by training XAnatomy to predict structure-specific masks and derive clinically relevant measurements, achieving diagnostic accuracies of 96.4%, 95.6%, and 89.2% for cardiomegaly, kyphosis, and scoliosis, respectively.

0 citations0 reviewsNo code linkedOpen access
preprint2026arXiv

SB-BEVFusion: Enhancing the Robustness against Sensor Malfunction and Corruptions

Multimodal sensor fusion has demonstrated remarkable performance improvements over unimodal approaches in 3D object detection for autonomous vehicles. Typically, existing methods transform multimodal data from independent sensors, such as camera and LiDAR, into a unified bird's-eye view (BEV) representation for fusion. Although effective in ideal conditions, this strategy suffers from substantial performance deterioration when camera or LiDAR data are missing, corrupted, or noisy. To address this vulnerability, we develop a framework-agnostic fusion module for camera and LiDAR data that allows for handling cases when one of the two modalities is missing or corrupted. To demonstrate the effectiveness of our module, we instantiate it in BEVFusion [1], a well-established framework to combine camera and LiDAR data for 3D object detection. By means of quantitative experiments on the MultiCorrupt dataset, we demonstrate that our module achieves favorable performance improvements under scenarios of missing and corrupted modalities, substantially outperforming existing unified representation approaches across a wide range of sensor deterioration scenarios and reaching state-of-the-art performance in scenarios of corrupted modality due to extreme weather conditions and sensor failure.

0 citations0 reviewsNo code linkedOpen access
preprint2026arXiv

Towards Visually Grounded Multimodal Summarization via Cross-Modal Transformer and Gated Attention

Multimodal summarization requires models to jointly understand textual and visual inputs to generate concise, semantically coherent summaries. Existing methods often inject shallow visual features into deep language models, leading to representational mismatches and weak cross-modal grounding. We propose a unified framework that jointly performs text summarization and representative image selection. Our system, SPeCTrA-Sum (Sampler Perceiver with Cross-modal Transformer and gated Attention for Summarization), introduces two key innovations. First, a Deep Visual Processor (DVP) aligns the visual encoder with the language model at corresponding depths, enabling hierarchical, layer-wise fusion that preserves semantic consistency. Second, a lightweight Visual Relevance Predictor (VRP) selects salient and diverse images by distilling soft labels from a Determinantal Point Processes (DPP) teacher. SPeCTrA-Sum is trained using a multi-objective loss that combines autoregressive summarization, cross-modal alignment, and DPP-based distillation. Experiments show that our system produces more accurate, visually grounded summaries and selects more representative images, demonstrating the benefits of depth-aware fusion and principled image selection for multimodal summarization.

0 citations0 reviewsNo code linkedOpen access
preprint2026arXiv

Uno-Orchestra: Parsimonious Agent Routing via Selective Delegation

Large language model (LLM) multi-agent systems typically rely on rigid orchestration, committing either to flat per-query routing or to hand-engineered task decomposition, so decomposition depth, worker choice, and inference budget are not jointly optimized under one objective. We introduce Uno-Orchestra, a unified orchestration policy that selectively decomposes a task and dispatches each subtask to an admissible (model, primitive) pair, with both decisions learned together from curated RL trajectories grounded in real worker interactions. Against 22 baselines on a 13-benchmark suite spanning math, code, knowledge, long-context, and agentic tool-use, Uno-Orchestra reaches 77.0% macro pass@1, roughly 16% above the strongest workflow baseline, at roughly an order of magnitude lower per-query cost, advancing the accuracy-efficiency frontier of selective delegation.

0 citations0 reviewsNo code linkedOpen access
preprint2022arXiv

A Summary of COVID-19 Datasets

This research presents a review of main datasets that are developed for COVID-19 research. We hope this collection will continue to bring together members of the computing community, biomedical experts, and policymakers in the pursuit of effective COVID-19 treatments and management policies. Many organizations, such as the World Health Organization (WHO), John Hopkins, National Institute of Health (NIH), COVID-19 open science table4 and such, in the world, have made numerous datasets available to the public. However, these datasets originate from a variety of different sources and initiatives. The purpose of this research is to summarize the open COVID-19 datasets to make them more accessible to the research community for health systems design and analysis.

0 citations0 reviewsNo code linkedOpen access
preprint2022arXiv

An Approach to Ensure Fairness in News Articles

Recommender systems, information retrieval, and other information access systems present unique challenges for examining and applying concepts of fairness and bias mitigation in unstructured text. This paper introduces Dbias, which is a Python package to ensure fairness in news articles. Dbias is a trained Machine Learning (ML) pipeline that can take a text (e.g., a paragraph or news story) and detects if the text is biased or not. Then, it detects the biased words in the text, masks them, and recommends a set of sentences with new words that are bias-free or at least less biased. We incorporate the elements of data science best practices to ensure that this pipeline is reproducible and usable. We show in experiments that this pipeline can be effective for mitigating biases and outperforms the common neural network architectures in ensuring fairness in the news articles.

0 citations0 reviewsNo code linkedOpen access
preprint2022arXiv

Benchmarking for Public Health Surveillance tasks on Social Media with a Domain-Specific Pretrained Language Model

A user-generated text on social media enables health workers to keep track of information, identify possible outbreaks, forecast disease trends, monitor emergency cases, and ascertain disease awareness and response to official health correspondence. This exchange of health information on social media has been regarded as an attempt to enhance public health surveillance (PHS). Despite its potential, the technology is still in its early stages and is not ready for widespread application. Advancements in pretrained language models (PLMs) have facilitated the development of several domain-specific PLMs and a variety of downstream applications. However, there are no PLMs for social media tasks involving PHS. We present and release PHS-BERT, a transformer-based PLM, to identify tasks related to public health surveillance on social media. We compared and benchmarked the performance of PHS-BERT on 25 datasets from different social medial platforms related to 7 different PHS tasks. Compared with existing PLMs that are mainly evaluated on limited tasks, PHS-BERT achieved state-of-the-art performance on all 25 tested datasets, showing that our PLM is robust and generalizable in the common PHS tasks. By making PHS-BERT available, we aim to facilitate the community to reduce the computational cost and introduce new baselines for future works across various PHS-related tasks.

0 citations0 reviewsNo code linkedOpen access
preprint2020arXiv

BioALBERT: A Simple and Effective Pre-trained Language Model for Biomedical Named Entity Recognition

In recent years, with the growing amount of biomedical documents, coupled with advancement in natural language processing algorithms, the research on biomedical named entity recognition (BioNER) has increased exponentially. However, BioNER research is challenging as NER in the biomedical domain are: (i) often restricted due to limited amount of training data, (ii) an entity can refer to multiple types and concepts depending on its context and, (iii) heavy reliance on acronyms that are sub-domain specific. Existing BioNER approaches often neglect these issues and directly adopt the state-of-the-art (SOTA) models trained in general corpora which often yields unsatisfactory results. We propose biomedical ALBERT (A Lite Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers for Biomedical Text Mining) bioALBERT, an effective domain-specific language model trained on large-scale biomedical corpora designed to capture biomedical context-dependent NER. We adopted a self-supervised loss used in ALBERT that focuses on modelling inter-sentence coherence to better learn context-dependent representations and incorporated parameter reduction techniques to lower memory consumption and increase the training speed in BioNER. In our experiments, BioALBERT outperformed comparative SOTA BioNER models on eight biomedical NER benchmark datasets with four different entity types. We trained four different variants of BioALBERT models which are available for the research community to be used in future research.

0 citations0 reviewsNo code linkedOpen access