Researcher profile

Tereza Jerabkova

Tereza Jerabkova contributes to research discovery and scholarly infrastructure.

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Published work

8 published item(s)

preprint2026arXiv

Explainable Galaxy Interaction Prediction with Hybrid Attention Mechanisms

Galaxy interaction classification remains challenging due to complex morphological patterns and the limited interpretability of deep learning models. We propose an attentive neural ensemble that combines AG-XCaps, H-SNN, and ResNet-GRU architectures, trained on the Galaxy Zoo DESI dataset and enhanced with LIME to enable explainable predictions. The model achieves Precision = 0.95, Recall = 1.00, F1 = 0.97, and Accuracy = 96%, outperforming a Random Forest baseline by significantly reducing false positives (23 vs. 70). This lightweight (0.45 MB) and scalable framework provides an interpretable and efficient solution for large-scale surveys such as Euclid and LSST, advancing data-driven studies of galaxy evolution.

preprint2026arXiv

Traditional statistical representations outperform generative AI in identifying expert peer reviewers

The exponential growth of scientific submissions has strained the peer review system. Despite the rapidly expanding global pool of researchers, this unprecedented scale has rendered the previous approach of manual expert identification unfeasible. Therefore, institutions have naturally turned to Large Language Models (LLMs) to automate intricate processes like expert reviewer identification. However, the reliability of these new models in accurately identifying domain experts lacks rigorous evaluation. We conduct a comprehensive empirical evaluation of statistical and AI-driven expertise identification methodologies to benchmark their reliability and limitations. Framing expert identification as an information retrieval problem, we utilize the distributed peer review system of a major international astronomical observatory, where proposal authorship serves as our proxy ground truth for domain expertise. Evaluating six retrieval methodologies utilized across observatories and computer science conferences, we demonstrate that traditional statistical representations outperform generative AI. Specifically, Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency successfully identified a labeled expert within the top 25 recommendations 79.5% of the time, compared to 51.5% for GPT-4o mini. Our results highlight that distinguishing subfield expertise requires fine-grained vocabulary, which is obscured by the semantic smoothing in generative methods. By establishing a rigorous evaluation framework for automated peer review, we demonstrate that transparent and reproducible statistical representations still outperform computationally expensive LLMs in specialized scientific tasks.

preprint2022arXiv

A tale of caution: the tails of NGC 752 are much longer than claimed

Understanding the exact extent and content of tidal tails of open clusters provide useful clues on how field stars populate the Milky Way. We reanalyse, using Gaia EDR3 data, the tails around the open cluster NGC 752. Compared to previous analyses, we look at a much wider region around the cluster and use first the convergent point method, coupled with a clustering analysis using DBSCAN. We find that the cluster, located 433 pc away and well described by a Plummer profile, has very long and asymmetric tails, extending more than 260 pc on the sky (from tip to tip) - four times larger than previously thought - and contains twice as many stars. Numerical models computed with PETAR serve as guide and confirm our analysis. The tails follows the predictions from models, but the trailing tail appears slightly distorted, possibly indicating that the cluster had a complicated history of galactic encounters. Applying an alternative method to the newly developed compact convergent method, we potentially trace the cluster's tidal tails to their full extent, covering several thousands of parsecs and more than 1,000 stars. Our analysis therefore opens a new window on the study of open clusters, whose potential will be fully unleashed with future Gaia data releases.

preprint2020arXiv

Chemical evolution of ultra-faint dwarf galaxies in the self-consistently calculated IGIMF theory

The galaxy-wide stellar initial mass function (gwIMF) of a galaxy in dependence of its metallicity and star formation rate (SFR) can be calculated by the integrated galactic IMF (IGIMF) theory. Lacchin et al. (2019) apply the IGIMF theory for the first time to study the chemical evolution of the ultra-faint dwarf (UFD) satellite galaxies and failed to reproduce the data. Here, we find that the IGIMF theory is naturally consistent with the data. We apply the time-evolving gwIMF calculated at each timestep. The number of type Ia supernova explosions per unit stellar mass formed is renormalised according to the gwIMF. The chemical evolution of Boötes I, one of the best observed UFD, is calculated. Our calculation suggests a mildly bottom-light and top-light gwIMF for Boötes I, and that this UFD has the same gas-consumption timescale as other dwarfs but was quenched about 0.1 Gyr after formation, being consistent with independent estimations and similar to Dragonfly 44. The recovered best fitting input parameters in this work are not covered in the work of Lacchin et al. (2019), creating the discrepancy between our conclusions. In addition, a detailed discussion of uncertainties is presented addressing how the results of chemical evolution models depend on applied assumptions. This study demonstrates the power of the IGIMF theory in understanding the star-formation in extreme environments and shows that UDFs are a promising pathway to constrain the variation of the low-mass stellar IMF.

preprint2020arXiv

The effect of the environment-dependent IMF on the formation and metallicities of stars over the cosmic history

Recent observational and theoretical studies indicate that the stellar initial mass function (IMF) varies systematically with the environment (star formation rate - SFR, metallicity). Although the exact dependence of the IMF on those properties is likely to change with improving observational constraints, the reported trend in the shape of the IMF appears robust. We present the first study aiming to evaluate the effect of the IMF variations on the measured cosmic SFR density (SFRD) as a function of metallicity and redshift, $f_{\rm SFR}$(Z,z). We also study the expected number and metallicity of white dwarf, neutron star and black hole progenitors under different IMF assumptions. Applying the empirically driven IMF variations described by the integrated galactic IMF (IGIMF) theory, we correct $f_{\rm SFR}$(Z,z) obtained by Chruslinska & Nelemans (2019) and find lower SFRD at high redshifts as well as a higher fraction of metal-poor stars being formed. In the local Universe, our calculation applying the IGIMF theory suggests more white dwarf and neutron star progenitors in comparison with the universal IMF scenario, while the number of black hole progenitors remains unaffected.

preprint2020arXiv

Very high redshift quasars and the rapid emergence of super-massive black holes

The observation of quasars at very high redshift such as Poniuaena is a challenge for models of super-massive black hole (SMBH) formation. This work presents a study of SMBH formation via known physical processes in star-burst clusters formed at the onset of the formation of their hosting galaxy. While at the early stages hyper-massive star-burst clusters reach the luminosities of quasars, once their massive stars die, the ensuing gas accretion from the still forming host galaxy compresses its stellar black hole (BH) component to a compact state overcoming heating from the BH--BH binaries such that the cluster collapses, forming a massive SMBH-seed within about a hundred Myr. Within this scenario the SMBH--spheroid correlation emerges near-to-exactly. The highest-redshift quasars may thus be hyper-massive star-burst clusters or young ultra-compact dwarf galaxies (UCDs), being the precursors of the SMBHs that form therein within about 200 Myr of the first stars. For spheroid masses <10^9.6 Msun a SMBH cannot form and instead only the accumulated nuclear cluster remains. The number evolution of the quasar phases with redshift is calculated and the possible problem of missing quasars at very high redshift is raised. SMBH-bearing UCDs and the formation of spheroids are discussed critically in view of the high redshift observations. A possible tension is found between the high star-formation rates (SFRs) implied by downsizing and the observed SFRs, which may be alleviated within the IGIMF theory and if the downsizing times are somewhat longer.

preprint2019arXiv

Multiple bursts of star formation in young star clusters: The case of the Orion Nebula Cluster

Young star clusters (YSCs) with resolved stellar populations are well suited for studying star-cluster formation. In most cases, the (pre-main-sequence) stellar populations found in the YSCs are coeval with an intrinsic age spread of up to 1Myr. Such observations can be understood as the YSCs having formed in one burst, which star formation was truncated by stellar feedback. The recent discovery that the colour-magnitude diagram of the Orion Nebula Clusters (ONC) contains three well defined age-separated populations appears to shatter this model. The implication is that the ONC formed in three bursts, with star formation still on-going in the last burst. We present new observational results focusing on the three populations in the ONC using OmegaCAM photometry and Gaia DR2 measurements. We also describe a theoretical model which may explain these observations by an interplay between stellar feedback and cluster dynamics.

preprint2019arXiv

Uncovering a 260 pc wide, 35 Myr old filamentary relic of star formation

Several recent studies have shown that the Vela OB2 region hosts a complex constellation of sub-populations with ages in the range 10 to 50 Myr. Such populations might represent the best example of the outcome of clustered star formation in Giant Molecular clouds (GMC). We use Gaia DR2 data over an area of 40 deg radius around the open cluster Collinder 135 to extend the study of the stellar populations of the Vela OB2 region over an area of several hundreds of parsecs on sky. Detailed clustering algorithms combined with the exquisite astrometric quality of the GAIA catalogue allow us to detect a new cluster named BBJ 1 that shows the same age as NGC 2547 (30 to 35 Myr), but located at a distance of 260 pc from it. Deeper investigation of the region via clustering in 5D parameter space and in the colour-magnitude diagram allows us to detect a filamentary structure of stars that bridges the two clusters. Given the extent in space of such structure (260 pc) and the young age (~35 Myr), we exclude that such population originates by the same mechanism responsible to create tidal streams around older clusters. Even if we miss a complete picture of the 3D motion of the studied stellar structure because of the lack of accurate radial velocity measurements, we propose that such structure represent the detection of a 35 Myr old outcome of a mechanism of filamentary star formation in a GMC.