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Shengxin Zhu

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Published work

8 published item(s)

preprint2026arXiv

AI Harness Engineering: A Runtime Substrate for Foundation-Model Software Agents

Foundation models have transformed automated code generation, yet autonomous software-engineering agents remain unreliable in realistic development settings. The dominant explanation locates this gap in model capability. We propose a different locus: software-engineering capability emerges from a model-harness-environment system, in which a runtime substrate -- the harness -- mediates how a foundation-model agent observes a project, acts on it, receives feedback, and establishes that a change is complete. We formalize this substrate as an AI Harness Engineering and identify eleven component responsibilities: task specification, context selection, tool access, project memory, task state, observability, failure attribution, verification, permissions, entropy auditing, and intervention recording. We operationalize the harness through a four-level ladder (H0-H3) that progressively exposes runtime support to the agent, and we propose a trace-based evaluation protocol that converts each agent run into an auditable episode package. Applied to a controlled validation task, the framework yields episode packages whose evidence structure varies systematically with harness level: lower levels produce only a final patch, higher levels produce reproduction logs, failure attributions, deterministic requirement checks, and structured verification reports. The framework reframes the central question of autonomous software engineering from whether a foundation model can produce a patch to whether the model-harness-environment system can produce a verifiably correct, attributed, and maintainable change. We outline a research program for the runtime systems that foundation-model software agents will require.

preprint2021arXiv

Generalized Rough Polyharmonic Splines for Multiscale PDEs with Rough Coefficients

In this paper, we demonstrate the construction of generalized Rough Polyhamronic Splines (GRPS) within the Bayesian framework, in particular, for multiscale PDEs with rough coefficients. The optimal coarse basis can be derived automatically by the randomization of the original PDEs with a proper prior distribution and the conditional expectation given partial information on edge or derivative measurements. We prove the (quasi)-optimal localization and approximation properties of the obtained bases, and justify the theoretical results with numerical experiments.

preprint2020arXiv

AIMS:Average Information Matrix Splitting

For linear mixed models with co-variance matrices which are not linearly dependent on variance component parameters, we prove that the average of the observed information and the Fisher information can be split into two parts. The essential part enjoys a simple and computational friendly formula, while the other part which involves a lot of computations is a random zero matrix and thus is negligible.

preprint2020arXiv

Fabricated Pictures Detection with Graph Matching

Fabricating experimental pictures in research work is a serious academic misconduct, which should better be detected in the reviewing process. However, due to large number of submissions, the detection whether a picture is fabricated or reused is laborious for reviewers, and sometimes is indistinct with human eyes. A tool for detecting similarity between images may help to alleviate this problem. Some methods based on local feature points matching work for most of the time, while these methods may result in mess of matchings due to ignorance of global relationship between features. We present a framework to detect similar, or perhaps fabricated, pictures with the graph matching techniques. A new iterative method is proposed, and experiments show that such a graph matching technique is better than the methods based only on local features for some cases.

preprint2020arXiv

Summation of Gaussian shifts as Jacobi's third Theta function

A proper choice of parameters of the Jacobi modular identity (Jacobi Imaginary transformation) implies that the summation of Gaussian shifts on infinity periodic grids can be represented as the Jacobi's third Theta function. As such, connection between summation of Gaussian shifts and the solution to a Schrödinger equation is explicitly shown. A concise and controllable upper bound of the saturation error for approximating constant functions with summation of Gaussian shifts can be immediately obtained in terms of the underlying shape parameter of the Gaussian. This shed light on how to choose a shape parameter and provides further understanding on using Gaussians with increasingly flatness.

preprint2016arXiv

Computing log-likelihood and its derivatives for restricted maximum likelihood methods

Recent large scale genome wide association analysis involves large scale linear mixed models. Quantifying (co)-variance parameters in the mixed models with a restricted maximum likelihood method results in a score function which is the first derivative of a log-likelihood. To obtain a statistically efficient estimate of the variance parameters, one needs to find the root of the score function via the Newton method. Most elements of the Jacobian matrix of the score involve a trace term of four parametric matrix-matrix multiplications. It is computationally prohibitively for large scale data sets. By a serial matrix transforms and an averaged information splitting technique, an approximate Jacobian matrix can be obtained by splitting the average of the Jacobian matrix and its expected value. In the approximated Jacobian, its elements only involve Four matrix vector multiplications which can be efficiently evaluated by solving sparse linear systems with the multi-frontal factorization method.

preprint2016arXiv

Computing Overlaps of Two Quadrilateral Mesh Of the Same Connectivity

An exact conservative remapping scheme requires overlaps between two meshes and a reconstruction scheme on the old cells (Lagrangian mesh). While the are intensive discussion on reconstruction schemes, there are relative sparse discussion on how to calculate overlaps of two grids. Computing the exact overlaps was believed complicated and often be avoided. This paper introduces the mathematical formulation of such a problem and tools to solve the problem. We propose methods to calculate the overlaps of two dismissable general quadrilateral mesh of the same logically structure in a planar domain. The quadrilateral polygon intersection problem is reduced to as a problem that how an edge in a new mesh intersects with a local frame which consists at most 7 connected edges in the old mesh. As such, locality of the method is persevered. The alternative direction technique is applied to reduce the dimension of the searching space. It reduces more than 256 possible intersections between a new cell with the old tessellation to 34 (17 when considering symmetry) programmable intersections between an edge and an local frame whenever the intersection between the old and new cell does not degenerate. At the same time, we shall how the computational amount of the overlaps depends on the underlying problem in terms of singular intersection points. A simple and detailed classification on the type of overlaps is presented, according to classification, degeneracy of an overlap can be easily identified.

preprint2016arXiv

Information Splitting for Big Data Analytics

Many statistical models require an estimation of unknown (co)-variance parameter(s) in a model. The estimation usually obtained by maximizing a log-likelihood which involves log determinant terms. In principle, one requires the \emph{observed information}--the negative Hessian matrix or the second derivative of the log-likelihood---to obtain an accurate maximum likelihood estimator according to the Newton method. When one uses the \emph{Fisher information}, the expect value of the observed information, a simpler algorithm than the Newton method is obtained as the Fisher scoring algorithm. With the advance in high-throughput technologies in the biological sciences, recommendation systems and social networks, the sizes of data sets---and the corresponding statistical models---have suddenly increased by several orders of magnitude. Neither the observed information nor the Fisher information is easy to obtained for these big data sets. This paper introduces an information splitting technique to simplify the computation. After splitting the mean of the observed information and the Fisher information, an simpler approximate Hessian matrix for the log-likelihood can be obtained. This approximated Hessian matrix can significantly reduce computations, and makes the linear mixed model applicable for big data sets. Such a spitting and simpler formulas heavily depends on matrix algebra transforms, and applicable to large scale breeding model, genetics wide association analysis.