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Martijn Wieling

Martijn Wieling contributes to research discovery and scholarly infrastructure.

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Published work

5 published item(s)

preprint2026arXiv

Can Large Language Models Reliably Correct Errors in Low-Resource ASR? A Contamination-Aware Case Study on West Frisian

Automatic speech recognition (ASR) has improved substantially in recent years, yet performance remains limited for low-resource languages. Large language models (LLMs) have shown promise for improving ASR through generative error correction (GER), but their effectiveness in low-resource settings remains underexplored. In addition, it remains unclear to what extent data contamination influences the reported improvements in LLM-based GER. This study investigates LLM-based GER for low-resource Frisian. In addition to a public corpus, we construct and use a Frisian offline dataset with non-public texts for evaluation to control for potential data contamination. Results show that GER improves ASR performance in most settings, with the best GPT-5.1 results surpassing oracle WERs. Comparable gains on the offline dataset indicate that improvements reflect true correction ability. We further provide a detailed error analysis revealing model correction patterns.

preprint2022arXiv

Manipulation of oral cancer speech using neural articulatory synthesis

We present an articulatory synthesis framework for the synthesis and manipulation of oral cancer speech for clinical decision making and alleviation of patient stress. Objective and subjective evaluations demonstrate that the framework has acceptable naturalness and is worth further investigation. A subsequent subjective vowel and consonant identification experiment showed that the articulatory synthesis system can manipulate the articulatory trajectories so that the synthesised speech reproduces problems present in the ground truth oral cancer speech.

preprint2022arXiv

Neural Representations for Modeling Variation in Speech

Variation in speech is often quantified by comparing phonetic transcriptions of the same utterance. However, manually transcribing speech is time-consuming and error prone. As an alternative, therefore, we investigate the extraction of acoustic embeddings from several self-supervised neural models. We use these representations to compute word-based pronunciation differences between non-native and native speakers of English, and between Norwegian dialect speakers. For comparison with several earlier studies, we evaluate how well these differences match human perception by comparing them with available human judgements of similarity. We show that speech representations extracted from a specific type of neural model (i.e. Transformers) lead to a better match with human perception than two earlier approaches on the basis of phonetic transcriptions and MFCC-based acoustic features. We furthermore find that features from the neural models can generally best be extracted from one of the middle hidden layers than from the final layer. We also demonstrate that neural speech representations not only capture segmental differences, but also intonational and durational differences that cannot adequately be represented by a set of discrete symbols used in phonetic transcriptions.

preprint2022arXiv

Preregistered protocol for: Articulatory changes in speech following treatment for oral or oropharyngeal cancer: a systematic review

This document outlines a PROSPERO pre-registered protocol for a systematic review regarding articulatory changes in speech following oral or orophayrngeal cancer treatment. Treatment of tumours in the oral cavity may result in physiological changes that could lead to articulatory difficulties. The tongue becomes less mobile due to scar tissue and/or potential (postoperative) radiation therapy. Moreover, tissue loss may create a bypass for airflow or limit constriction possibilities. In order to gain a better understanding of the nature of the speech problems, information regarding the movement of the articulators is needed since perceptual or acoustic information provide only indirect evidence of articulatory changes. Therefore, this systematic review will review studies that directly measured the articulatory movements of the tongue, jaw, and lips following treatment for oral or oropharyngeal cancer.

preprint2022arXiv

Quantifying Language Variation Acoustically with Few Resources

Deep acoustic models represent linguistic information based on massive amounts of data. Unfortunately, for regional languages and dialects such resources are mostly not available. However, deep acoustic models might have learned linguistic information that transfers to low-resource languages. In this study, we evaluate whether this is the case through the task of distinguishing low-resource (Dutch) regional varieties. By extracting embeddings from the hidden layers of various wav2vec 2.0 models (including new models which are pre-trained and/or fine-tuned on Dutch) and using dynamic time warping, we compute pairwise pronunciation differences averaged over 10 words for over 100 individual dialects from four (regional) languages. We then cluster the resulting difference matrix in four groups and compare these to a gold standard, and a partitioning on the basis of comparing phonetic transcriptions. Our results show that acoustic models outperform the (traditional) transcription-based approach without requiring phonetic transcriptions, with the best performance achieved by the multilingual XLSR-53 model fine-tuned on Dutch. On the basis of only six seconds of speech, the resulting clustering closely matches the gold standard.