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Researcher profile

Jia Huang

Jia Huang contributes to research discovery and scholarly infrastructure.

ResearcherAffiliation not importedOpen to collaborate
math.COphysics.plasm-phastro-ph.SRphysics.space-phmath.RTphysics.app-phArtificial Intelligencecond-mat.mtrl-scicond-mat.softInformation Retrievalmath.RAnucl-th

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Published work

16 published item(s)

preprint2026arXiv

Evidence of energy conversion in weakly collisional plasma during an interplanetary coronal mass ejection

Intervals of enhanced turbulent fluctuations are typically less frequent within the magnetic cloud region of an interplanetary coronal mass ejection (ICME). We investigate two such intervals inside an ICME observed by the \textit{Wind} spacecraft on 8--9 June 2000 and characterize their associated wave populations. We focus on spectral analysis and plasma instability analysis, using ion-scale normalized magnetic helicity and polarization properties with respect to the background magnetic field $B_0$. In the first interval, the ion-scale normalized magnetic helicity shows a left-handed circularly polarized signature. In the second interval, the left-handed signature persists and an additional high-frequency right-handed population appears. The propagation is approximately parallel to $B_0$. The left-handed fluctuations are compatible with Alfvén ion-cyclotron (AIC) waves, while the right-handed fluctuations are consistent with fast magnetosonic/whistler (FM/W) waves. The ICME plasma accesses resonance conditions that support multiple ion-scale wave modes. Evolving anisotropies in the plasma and the approach to marginal stability allow the coexistence of AIC-like and fast-magnetosonic/whistler-like fluctuations, with enhanced electron heating favoring the growth of the FM/W contribution and strengthening the density--magnetic-field magnitude correlation.

0 citations0 reviewsNo code linkedOpen access
preprint2026arXiv

Fortress: A Case Study in Stabilizing Search Recommendations via Temporal Data Augmentation and Feature Pruning

In search and recommendation systems, predictive models often suffer from temporal instability when certain input features introduce volatility in output scores. This instability can degrade model reliability and user experience especially in multi-stage systems where consistent predictions are critical for downstream decision making. We introduce Fortress, a general framework for enhancing model stability and accuracy by identifying and pruning features that contribute to inconsistent prediction scores over time. Fortress leverages historical snapshots temporally partitioned datasets capturing score fluctuations for the same entity across periods and follows a four-step process: (1) collect historical snapshots, (2) identify samples with unstable predictions, (3) isolate and remove instability-inducing features, and (4) retrain models using only stable features. While semantic features from LLMs and BERT-based models improve generalization, they often lack full query or entity coverage. Engagement-based features offer strong predictive power but tend to introduce temporal instability. Fortress mitigates this trade-off by suppressing the volatility of engagement signals while retaining their predictive value leading to more stable and accurate models. We validate Fortress on a query-to-app relevance model in a large-scale app marketplace. Offline experiments demonstrate notable improvements in prediction stability (measured by Coefficient of Variation) and classification performance (measured by PR-AUC).

0 citations0 reviewsNo code linkedOpen access
preprint2026arXiv

Properties of Magnetic Switchbacks in the Near-Sun Solar Wind

Magnetic switchbacks are fluctuations in the solar wind in which the interplanetary magnetic field sharply deflects away from its background direction so as to create folds in magnetic field lines while remaining of roughly constant magnitude. The magnetic field and velocity fluctuations are extremely well correlated in a way corresponding to Alfvénic fluctuations propagating away from the Sun. For a background field which is nearly radial this causes an outwardly propagating jet to form. Switchbacks and their characteristic velocity jets have recently been observed to be nearly ubiquitous by Parker Solar Probe with in situ measurements in the inner heliosphere within 0.3 AU. Their prevalence, substantial energy content, and potentially fundamental role in the dynamics of the outer corona and solar wind motivate the significant research efforts into their understanding. Here we review the in situ measurements of these structures (primarily by Parker Solar Probe). We discuss how they are identified and measured, and present an overview of the primary observational properties of these structures, both in terms of individual switchbacks and their collective arrangement into ``patches''. We identify both properties for which there is a strong consensus and those that have limited or qualified support and require further investigation. We identify and collate several open questions and recommendations for future studies.

0 citations0 reviewsNo code linkedOpen access
preprint2026arXiv

Wetting-coupled phase separation as an energetic mechanism for active bacterial adhesion

The rapid adhesion of motile bacteria from dilute suspensions poses a fundamental non-equilibrium problem: hydrodynamic interactions bias bacterial motion near surfaces without generating stable confinement, while electrostatic interactions are predominantly repulsive. Here, combining experiments on Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus in a polyethylene glycol/dextran aqueous two-phase system with large-scale hydrodynamic simulations, we identify wetting-coupled liquid--liquid phase separation (LLPS) as an energetic trapping mechanism for bacterial adhesion. When bacteria partition into a phase that preferentially wets the substrate, interfacial free-energy minimization creates a deep energetic trap that stabilizes adhesion and induces lateral clustering via capillary interactions. Crucially, bacterial motility plays a dual role: at low phase volume fractions, activity enhances transport into the wetting layer and promotes accumulation, whereas at higher phase volumes it suppresses adhesion through the formation of self-spinning droplets that generate hydrodynamic lift opposing interfacial trapping. Our results establish wetting-coupled LLPS as a generic physical route governing interfacial organization in active suspensions. This provides a unified energetic framework for bacterial adhesion in complex fluids, with broad implications for deciphering bacterial-cell interactions and controlling biofilm formation.

0 citations0 reviewsNo code linkedOpen access
preprint2023arXiv

Improving photon number resolvability of a superconducting nanowire detector array using a level comparator circuit

Photon number resolving (PNR) capability is very important in many optical applications, including quantum information processing, fluorescence detection, and few-photon-level ranging and imaging. Superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors (SNSPDs) with a multipixel interleaved architecture give the array an excellent spatial PNR capability. However, the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the photon number resolution (SNRPNR) of the array will be degraded with increasing the element number due to the electronic noise in the readout circuit, which limits the PNR resolution as well as the maximum PNR number. In this study, a 16-element interleaved SNSPD array was fabricated, and the PNR capability of the array was investigated and analyzed. By introducing a level comparator circuit (LCC), the SNRPNR of the detector array was improved over a factor of four. In addition, we performed a statistical analysis of the photon number on this SNSPD array with LCC, showing that the LCC method effectively enhances the PNR resolution. Besides, the system timing jitter of the detector was reduced from 90 ps to 72 ps due to the improved electrical SNR.

0 citations0 reviewsNo code linkedOpen access
preprint2022arXiv

Domination ratio of a family of integer distance digraphs with arbitrary degree

An integer distance digraph is the Cayley graph $Γ(\mathbb{Z},S)$ of the additive group $\mathbb{Z}$ of all integers with respect to a finite subset $S\subseteq\mathbb{Z}$. The domination ratio of $Γ(\mathbb{Z},S)$, defined as the minimum density of its dominating sets, is related to some number theory problems, such as tiling the integers and finding the maximum density of a set of integers with missing differences. We precisely determine the domination ratio of the integer distance graph $Γ(\mathbb{Z},\{1,2,\ldots,d-2,s\})$ for any integers $d$ and $s$ satisfying $d\ge2$ and $s\notin[0,d-2]$. Our result generalizes a previous result on the domination ratio of the graph $Γ(\mathbb{Z},\{1,s\})$ with $s\in\mathbb{Z}\setminus\{0,1\}$ and also implies the domination number of certain circulant graphs $Γ(\mathbb{Z}_n,S)$, where $\mathbb{Z}_n$ is the finite cyclic group of integers modulo $n$ and $S$ is a subset of $\mathbb{Z}_n$.

0 citations0 reviewsNo code linkedOpen access
preprint2022arXiv

Model-based quantitative methods to predict irradiation-induced swelling in alloys

Predicting volume swelling of structural materials in nuclear reactors under high-dose neutron irradiations based on existing low-dose experiments or irradiation data with high-dose-rate energetic particles has been a long-standing challenge for safety evaluation and rapidly screening irradiation-resistant materials in nuclear energy systems. Here, we build an Additional Defect Absorption Model that describes the irradiation-induced swelling effects produced by energetic electrons, heavy-ions, and neutrons by considering additional defect sinks inherent in the irradiation process. Based on this model, we establish quantitative methods to predict high-dose swelling from low-dose behavior and obtain the equivalent irradiation dose for different energetic particles when the dose rates differ by several orders of magnitude. Furthermore, we propose a universal parameter to characterize the swelling resistance of various alloys and predict their radiation tolerances under different radiation conditions. This work provides quantitative prediction methods for evaluating irradiation-induced swelling effects of structural materials, which is critical to the safety and material development for advanced nuclear reactors.

0 citations0 reviewsNo code linkedOpen access
preprint2021arXiv

Norton algebras of the Hamming Graphs via linear characters

The Norton product is defined on each eigenspace of a distance regular graph by the orthogonal projection of the entry-wise product. The resulting algebra, known as the Norton algebra, is a commutative nonassociative algebra that is useful in group theory due to its interesting automorphism group. We provide a formula for the Norton product on each eigenspace of a Hamming graph using linear characters. We construct a large subgroup of automorphisms of the Norton algebra of a Hamming graph and completely describe the automorphism group in some cases. We also show that the Norton product on each eigenspace of a Hamming graph is as nonassociative as possible, except for some special cases in which it is either associative or equally as nonassociative as the so-called double minus operation previously studied by the author, Mickey, and Xu. Our results restrict to the hypercubes and extend to the halved and/or folded cubes, the bilinear forms graphs, and more generally, all Cayley graphs of finite abelian groups.

0 citations0 reviewsNo code linkedOpen access
preprint2020arXiv

Compositions with restricted parts

Euler showed that the number of partitions of $n$ into distinct parts equals the number of partitions of $n$ into odd parts. This theorem was generalized by Glaisher and further by Franklin. Recently, Beck made three conjectures on partitions with restricted parts, which were confirmed analytically by Andrews and Chern and combinatorially by Yang. Analogous to Euler's partition theorem, it is known that the number of compositions of $n$ with odd parts equals the number of compositions of $n+1$ with parts greater than one, as both numbers equal the Fibonacci number $F_n$. Recently, Sills provided a bijective proof for this result using binary sequences, and Munagi proved a generalization similar to Glaisher's result using the zigzag graphs of compositions. Extending Sills' bijection, we obtain a further generalizaiton which is analogous to Franklin's result. We establish, both analytically and combinatorially, two closed formulas for the number of compositions with restricted parts appearing in our generalization. We also prove some composition analogues for the conjectures of Beck.

0 citations0 reviewsNo code linkedOpen access
preprint2020arXiv

New upper bounds for the bondage number of a graph in terms of its maximum degree and Euler characteristic

The bondage number $b(G)$ of a graph $G$ is the smallest number of edges whose removal from $G$ results in a graph with larger domination number. Let $G$ be embeddable on a surface whose Euler characteristic $χ$ is as large as possible, and assume $χ\leq0$. Gagarin-Zverovich and Huang have recently found upper bounds of $b(G)$ in terms of the maximum degree $Δ(G)$ and the Euler characteristic $χ(G)=χ$. In this paper we prove a better upper bound $b(G)\leqΔ(G)+\lfloor t\rfloor$ where $t$ is the largest real root of the cubic equation $z^3 + z^2 + (3χ- 8)z + 9χ- 12=0$; this upper bound is asymptotically equivalent to $b(G)\leqΔ(G)+1+\lfloor \sqrt{4-3χ} \rfloor$. We also establish further improved upper bounds for $b(G)$ when the girth, order, or size of the graph $G$ is large compared with its Euler characteristic $χ$.

0 citations0 reviewsNo code linkedOpen access
preprint2020arXiv

Proton Temperature Anisotropy Variations in Inner Heliosphere Estimated with First Parker Solar Probe Observations

We report proton temperature anisotropy variations in the inner heliosphere with Parker Solar Probe (PSP) observations. Using a linear fitting method, we derive proton temperature anisotropy with temperatures measured by the Solar Probe Cup (SPC) from the SWEAP instrument suite and magnetic field observations from the FIELDS instrument suite. The observed radial dependence of temperature variations in the fast solar wind implies stronger perpendicular heating and parallel cooling than previous results from Helios measurements made at larger radial distances. The anti-correlation between proton temperature anisotropy and parallel plasma beta is retained in fast solar wind. However, the temperature anisotropies of the slow solar wind seem to be well constrained by the mirror and parallel firehose instabilities. The perpendicular heating of the slow solar wind inside 0.24 AU may contribute to its same trend up against mirror instability thresholds as fast solar wind. These results suggest that we may see stronger anisotropy heating than expected in inner heliosphere.

0 citations0 reviewsNo code linkedOpen access
preprint2019arXiv

Hecke algebras of simply-laced type with independent parameters

We study the (complex) Hecke algebra $\mathcal{H}_S(\mathbf{q})$ of a finite simply-laced Coxeter system $(W,S)$ with independent parameters $\mathbf{q} \in \left( \mathbb{C} \setminus\{\text{roots of unity}\} \right)^S$. We construct its irreducible representations and projective indecomposable representations. We obtain the quiver of this algebra and determine when it is of finite representation type. We provide decomposition formulas for induced and restricted representations between the algebra $\mathcal{H}_S(\mathbf{q})$ and the algebra $\mathcal{H}_R(\mathbf{q}|_R)$ with $R\subseteq S$. Our results demonstrate an interesting combination of the representation theory of finite Coxeter groups and their 0-Hecke algebras, including a two-sided duality between the induced and restricted representations.

0 citations0 reviewsNo code linkedOpen access
preprint2019arXiv

Ion Scale Electromagnetic Waves in the Inner Heliosphere

Understanding the physical processes in the solar wind and corona which actively contribute to heating, acceleration, and dissipation is a primary objective of NASA's Parker Solar Probe (PSP) mission. Observations of coherent electromagnetic waves at ion scales suggests that linear cyclotron resonance and non-linear processes are dynamically relevant in the inner heliosphere. A wavelet-based statistical study of coherent waves in the first perihelion encounter of PSP demonstrates the presence of transverse electromagnetic waves at ion resonant scales which are observed in 30-50\% of radial field intervals. Average wave amplitudes of approximately 4 nT are measured, while the mean duration of wave events is of order 20 seconds; however long duration wave events can exist without interruption on hour-long timescales. Though ion scale waves are preferentially observed during intervals with a radial mean magnetic field, we show that measurement constraints, associated with single spacecraft sampling of quasi-parallel waves superposed with anisotropic turbulence, render the measured quasi-parallel ion-wave spectrum unobservable when the mean magnetic field is oblique to the solar wind flow; these results imply that the occurrence of coherent ion-scale waves is not limited to a radial field configuration. The lack of strong radial scaling of characteristic wave amplitudes and duration suggests that the waves are generated {\em{in-situ}} through plasma instabilities. Additionally, observations of proton distribution functions indicate that temperature anisotropy may drive the observed ion-scale waves.

0 citations0 reviewsNo code linkedOpen access
preprint2019arXiv

Kinetic Scale Spectral Features of Cross Helicity and Residual Energy in the Inner Heliosphere

In this Paper, we present the first results from the Flux Angle operation mode of the Faraday Cup instrument onboard Parker Solar Probe. The Flux Angle mode allows rapid measurements of phase space density fluctuations close to the peak of the proton velocity distribution function with a cadence of 293 Hz. This approach provides an invaluable tool for understanding kinetic scale turbulence in the solar wind and solar corona. We describe a technique to convert the phase space density fluctuations into vector velocity components and compute several turbulence parameters such as spectral index, residual energy and cross helicity during two intervals the Flux Angle mode was used in Parker Solar Probe's first encounter at 0.174 AU distance from the Sun.

0 citations0 reviewsNo code linkedOpen access
preprint2019arXiv

The Enhancement of Proton Stochastic Heating in the near-Sun Solar Wind

Stochastic heating is a non-linear heating mechanism driven by the violation of magnetic moment invariance due to large-amplitude turbulent fluctuations producing diffusion of ions towards higher kinetic energies in the direction perpendicular to the magnetic field. It is frequently invoked as a mechanism responsible for the heating of ions in the solar wind. Here, we quantify for the first time the proton stochastic heating rate $Q_\perp$ at radial distances from the Sun as close as $0.16$ au, using measurements from the first two Parker Solar Probe encounters. Our results for both the amplitude and radial trend of the heating rate, $Q_\perp \propto r^{-2.5}$, agree with previous results based on the Helios data set at heliocentric distances from 0.3 to 0.9 au. Also in agreement with previous results, $Q_\perp$ is significantly larger in the fast solar wind than in the slow solar wind. We identify the tendency in fast solar wind for cuts of the core proton velocity distribution transverse to the magnetic field to exhibit a flat-top shape. The observed distribution agrees with previous theoretical predictions for fast solar wind where stochastic heating is the dominant heating mechanism.

0 citations0 reviewsNo code linkedOpen access
preprint2017arXiv

Critical groups for Hopf algebra modules

This paper considers an invariant of modules over a finite-dimensional Hopf algebra, called the critical group. This generalizes the critical groups of complex finite group representations studied by Benkart, Klivans, Reiner and Gaetz. A formula is given for the cardinality of the critical group generally, and the critical group for the regular representation is described completely. A key role in the formulas is played by the greatest common divisor of the dimensions of the indecomposable projective representations.

0 citations0 reviewsNo code linkedOpen access