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Dingkang Liang

Dingkang Liang contributes to research discovery and scholarly infrastructure.

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Published work

7 published item(s)

preprint2026arXiv

Advancing Narrative Long Video Generation via Training-Free Identity-Aware Memory

Autoregressive video generation has improved rapidly in visual fidelity and interactivity, but it still suffers from long-term inconsistency and memory degradation. Most existing solutions either compress historical frames using predefined strategies or retrieve keyframes based on coarse implicit attention signals, both of which fail to handle evolving prompts with shifting entity references, leading to identity drift, character duplication, and attribute loss. To address this, we propose IAMFlow, a training-free identity-aware memory framework that explicitly models and tracks persistent entity identities, enabling consistent generation across prompt transitions. Specifically, an LLM extracts entities with visual attributes from each prompt and assigns unique global IDs for identity-aware memory, while a VLM asynchronously verifies and refines attributes from rendered frames, enabling explicit entity tracking in place of implicit similarity-based matching. To keep the proposed framework computationally practical, we design a systematic inference acceleration pipeline, including asynchronous visual verification, adaptive prompt transition, and model quantization, which achieves faster generation than existing baselines. Furthermore, we introduce NarraStream-Bench, a benchmark for narrative streaming video generation that features 324 multi-prompt scripts spanning six dimensions and a three-dimensional evaluation protocol that integrates both traditional metrics and multimodal large language model-based assessments. Extensive experiments show that IAMFlow, despite being training-free, achieves the best overall performance on NarraStream-Bench, outperforming the strongest baseline by 2.56 points, while achieving a 1.39$\times$ speedup over the most efficient baseline in the 60-second multi-prompt setting.

preprint2026arXiv

Divide and Conquer: Decoupled Representation Alignment for Multimodal World Models

Emerging multi-modal world models attempt to jointly generate videos across diverse modalities (e.g., RGB, depth, and mask), yet they fail to fully exploit the rich priors of existing foundation models. We propose $M^2$-REPA, the first representation alignment method tailored for multi-modal video generation. Our key insight is that foundation models trained on different modality spaces naturally capture distinct domain-specific priors, acting as complementary "experts." Specifically, we first decouple modality-specific features from the diffusion model's intermediate representations, then align each with its corresponding expert foundation model. To this end, we design two synergistic objectives: a multi-modal representation alignment loss that enforces feature-to-expert matching, and a modality-specific decoupling regularization that encourages complementarity across different modalities. This design enables joint optimization, fully exploiting priors from multiple foundation models. Extensive experiments demonstrate that our method significantly outperforms baselines in visual quality and long-term consistency.

preprint2026arXiv

HERMES++: Toward a Unified Driving World Model for 3D Scene Understanding and Generation

Driving world models serve as a pivotal technology for autonomous driving by simulating environmental dynamics. However, existing approaches predominantly focus on future scene generation, often overlooking comprehensive 3D scene understanding. Conversely, while Large Language Models (LLMs) demonstrate impressive reasoning capabilities, they lack the capacity to predict future geometric evolution, creating a significant disparity between semantic interpretation and physical simulation. To bridge this gap, we propose HERMES++, a unified driving world model that integrates 3D scene understanding and future geometry prediction within a single framework. Our approach addresses the distinct requirements of these tasks through synergistic designs. First, a BEV representation consolidates multi-view spatial information into a structure compatible with LLMs. Second, we introduce LLM-enhanced world queries to facilitate knowledge transfer from the understanding branch. Third, a Current-to-Future Link is designed to bridge the temporal gap, conditioning geometric evolution on semantic context. Finally, to enforce structural integrity, we employ a Joint Geometric Optimization strategy that integrates explicit geometric constraints with implicit latent regularization to align internal representations with geometry-aware priors. Extensive evaluations on multiple benchmarks validate the effectiveness of our method. HERMES++ achieves strong performance, outperforming specialist approaches in both future point cloud prediction and 3D scene understanding tasks. The model and code will be publicly released at https://github.com/H-EmbodVis/HERMESV2.

preprint2022arXiv

An End-to-End Transformer Model for Crowd Localization

Crowd localization, predicting head positions, is a more practical and high-level task than simply counting. Existing methods employ pseudo-bounding boxes or pre-designed localization maps, relying on complex post-processing to obtain the head positions. In this paper, we propose an elegant, end-to-end Crowd Localization Transformer named CLTR that solves the task in the regression-based paradigm. The proposed method views the crowd localization as a direct set prediction problem, taking extracted features and trainable embeddings as input of the transformer-decoder. To reduce the ambiguous points and generate more reasonable matching results, we introduce a KMO-based Hungarian matcher, which adopts the nearby context as the auxiliary matching cost. Extensive experiments conducted on five datasets in various data settings show the effectiveness of our method. In particular, the proposed method achieves the best localization performance on the NWPU-Crowd, UCF-QNRF, and ShanghaiTech Part A datasets.

preprint2022arXiv

Comprehensive Benchmark Datasets for Amharic Scene Text Detection and Recognition

Ethiopic/Amharic script is one of the oldest African writing systems, which serves at least 23 languages (e.g., Amharic, Tigrinya) in East Africa for more than 120 million people. The Amharic writing system, Abugida, has 282 syllables, 15 punctuation marks, and 20 numerals. The Amharic syllabic matrix is derived from 34 base graphemes/consonants by adding up to 12 appropriate diacritics or vocalic markers to the characters. The syllables with a common consonant or vocalic markers are likely to be visually similar and challenge text recognition tasks. In this work, we presented the first comprehensive public datasets named HUST-ART, HUST-AST, ABE, and Tana for Amharic script detection and recognition in the natural scene. We have also conducted extensive experiments to evaluate the performance of the state of art methods in detecting and recognizing Amharic scene text on our datasets. The evaluation results demonstrate the robustness of our datasets for benchmarking and its potential of promoting the development of robust Amharic script detection and recognition algorithms. Consequently, the outcome will benefit people in East Africa, including diplomats from several countries and international communities.

preprint2022arXiv

Focal Inverse Distance Transform Maps for Crowd Localization

In this paper, we focus on the crowd localization task, a crucial topic of crowd analysis. Most regression-based methods utilize convolution neural networks (CNN) to regress a density map, which can not accurately locate the instance in the extremely dense scene, attributed to two crucial reasons: 1) the density map consists of a series of blurry Gaussian blobs, 2) severe overlaps exist in the dense region of the density map. To tackle this issue, we propose a novel Focal Inverse Distance Transform (FIDT) map for the crowd localization task. Compared with the density maps, the FIDT maps accurately describe the persons' locations without overlapping in dense regions. Based on the FIDT maps, a Local-Maxima-Detection-Strategy (LMDS) is derived to effectively extract the center point for each individual. Furthermore, we introduce an Independent SSIM (I-SSIM) loss to make the model tend to learn the local structural information, better recognizing local maxima. Extensive experiments demonstrate that the proposed method reports state-of-the-art localization performance on six crowd datasets and one vehicle dataset. Additionally, we find that the proposed method shows superior robustness on the negative and extremely dense scenes, which further verifies the effectiveness of the FIDT maps. The code and model will be available at https://github.com/dk-liang/FIDTM.

preprint2022arXiv

TransCrowd: weakly-supervised crowd counting with transformers

The mainstream crowd counting methods usually utilize the convolution neural network (CNN) to regress a density map, requiring point-level annotations. However, annotating each person with a point is an expensive and laborious process. During the testing phase, the point-level annotations are not considered to evaluate the counting accuracy, which means the point-level annotations are redundant. Hence, it is desirable to develop weakly-supervised counting methods that just rely on count-level annotations, a more economical way of labeling. Current weakly-supervised counting methods adopt the CNN to regress a total count of the crowd by an image-to-count paradigm. However, having limited receptive fields for context modeling is an intrinsic limitation of these weakly-supervised CNN-based methods. These methods thus cannot achieve satisfactory performance, with limited applications in the real world. The transformer is a popular sequence-to-sequence prediction model in natural language processing (NLP), which contains a global receptive field. In this paper, we propose TransCrowd, which reformulates the weakly-supervised crowd counting problem from the perspective of sequence-to-count based on transformers. We observe that the proposed TransCrowd can effectively extract the semantic crowd information by using the self-attention mechanism of transformer. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work to adopt a pure transformer for crowd counting research. Experiments on five benchmark datasets demonstrate that the proposed TransCrowd achieves superior performance compared with all the weakly-supervised CNN-based counting methods and gains highly competitive counting performance compared with some popular fully-supervised counting methods.